Drainage Basin:
| (A)
NETWORKS System of interconnected stream channels found in a drainage basin. Basin & Network Geography Online Text: Drainage Basin |
| (B)
DRAINAGE PATTERNS
A characteristic pattern assumed by a drainage network, which is typically produced by topography and geology. Common Drainage Patterns |
| (A2)
DRAINAGE AREA
The area enclosed by a single drainage basin. The area drained by a single stream segment. Catchment Area North American Drainage Basins |
| (A3)
LINKS/SEGMENTS
A length of stream measured from one branching point to another. |
| (A4)DRAINAGE DENSITY
Is the measure of the length of stream channel per unit area of drainage basin. Mathematically its is expressed as: Drainage Density (Dd) = Stream Length / Basin Area |
| (B1) DENDRITIC
Term used to describe the stream channel pattern that is completely random. Resembles the branching pattern of blood vessels or tree branches. Dendritic Drainage Diagram Dendritic Drainage Picture |
| (B2) TRELLIS
Trellised drainage patterns tend to develop where there is strong structural control upon streams because of geology. In such situations, channels align themselves parallel to structures in the bedrock with minor tributaries coming in at right angles Trellis Drainage Diagram |
| (B3) RADIAL
Produced when streams flow from a central high, such as a volcano. Radial & Dendritic Drainage Illustration Radial Drainage Diagram |
| (B4) DERANGED
Drainage pattern that is highly irregular. Areas that have experienced continental glaciation may have this type of drainage pattern. |
| (B5) ANNULAR
PRoduced when streams flow from a central high with concentric patterns of strata that act to guide the stream paths. Annular Drainage Diagram |
| (B6) RECTANGULAR
Areas with tectonic faults or bedrock joints can cause streams to take on a grid-like or rectangular pattern. Rectangular Drainage Illustration Parallel & Trellis Drainage Illustration |
| (B7) SUPERIMPOSED
Drainage pattern contrary to structure, created by erosion of layers originally above discordant structures. Superimposed Drainage Illustration Fold Belt Formation Animation Fold Belt Picture |
(A3-1) SEGMENT TYPE
(A3-1a) EXTERIOR |
Drainage Basin:
| (A) NETWORKS
System of interconnected stream channels found in a drainage basin. Basin & Network Geography Online Text: Drainage Basin |
(A1) DIVIDES
Topographic border between adjacent drainage basins or watersheds. Divide 1 Divide_2 |
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| (A2) DRAINAGE AREA
The area enclosed by a single drainage basin. The area drained by a single stream segment. Catchment Area North American Drainage Basins |
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| (A3) LINKS/SEGMENTS
A length of stream measured from one branching point to another. |
(A3-1) SEGMENT TYPE
(A3-1a) EXTERIOR |
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| (A3.2) JUNCTION/CONFLUENCE
The point at which two segments join together. |
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| (A3.3) STREAM ORDER
The relative position, or rank, of a stream channel segment in a drainage network. Stream Orders 1 Stream Orders 2 |
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| (A3.4) LAWS OF MORPHOMETRY
The measurement of shape. Measurements are then manipulated statistically or mathematically to discover inherent properties. Stream Morphometry Relationships Geography Online Text: Morphometry |
(A3-4a) NUMBERS
The ratio between the number of stream segments in one order and the next, called the bifurcation ratio, is consistently around three. R.E. Horton called this association the law of stream numbers. |
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| (A3-4b) AREAS
The law of basin areas indicated that the mean basin area of successive ordered streams formed a linear relationship when graphed. |
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| (A3-4c) LENGTHS
Horton's law of stream lengths suggested that a geometric relationship existed between the number of stream segments in successive stream orders. |
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| (A3-4d) SLOPES | |||
| (A4)DRAINAGE DENSITY
Is the measure of the length of stream channel per unit area of drainage basin. Mathematically its is expressed as: Drainage Density (Dd) = Stream Length / Basin Area |
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| (B) DRAINAGE PATTERNS
A characteristic pattern assumed by a drainage network, which is typically produced by topography and geology. Common Drainage Patterns |
(B1) DENDRITIC
Term used to describe the stream channel pattern that is completely random. Resembles the branching pattern of blood vessels or tree branches. Dendritic Drainage Diagram Dendritic Drainage Picture |
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| (B2) TRELLIS
Trellised drainage patterns tend to develop where there is strong structural control upon streams because of geology. In such situations, channels align themselves parallel to structures in the bedrock with minor tributaries coming in at right angles Trellis Drainage Diagram |
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| (B3) RADIAL
Produced when streams flow from a central high, such as a volcano. Radial & Dendritic Drainage Illustration Radial Drainage Diagram |
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| (B4) DERANGED
Drainage pattern that is highly irregular. Areas that have experienced continental glaciation may have this type of drainage pattern. |
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| (B5) ANNULAR
PRoduced when streams flow from a central high with concentric patterns of strata that act to guide the stream paths. Annular Drainage Diagram |
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| (B6) RECTANGULAR
Areas with tectonic faults or bedrock joints can cause streams to take on a grid-like or rectangular pattern. Rectangular Drainage Illustration Parallel & Trellis Drainage Illustration |
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| (B7) SUPERIMPOSED
Drainage pattern contrary to structure, created by erosion of layers originally above discordant structures. Superimposed Drainage Illustration Fold Belt Formation Animation Fold Belt Picture |
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| (C) NETWORK EVOLUTION
The temporal variation in network characteristics, driven by internal and external forces. |
(C1) EMPIRICAL OBSERVATIONS: lateral migration
Chinle Formation, Badlands o.JPG.exe (?) Zabriskie Point Badlands(?) |
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| (C2) EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES | |||
| (C3) PHYSICAL THEORIES-advection processes | |||
| (C3-1) FLOW INSTABILITIES | (C3-1a)
NON-LINEAR SED TRNSP. LAWS |
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| (C3-1b)
Qs=kS^n*Qw^m, m> |
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| (C3-2)
4-STAGE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION Slope Erosion Movie: decline |
(C3-2a)
GROWTH OF PERTURBATION Slope Erosion Movie: single point Slope Erosion Movie: four points |
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| (C3-2b)
EMERGENCE OF CHANNELS |
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| (C3-2c)
SELF-SIMILAR (GRADED) SURFACES |
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| C3-2d)
DEGRADED SURFACE |
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| (C3-3)
TECTONIC UPLIFT AND STEADY STATES Slope Erosion Movie: steady state |
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| (C4) STATISTICAL THEORIES: random topological networks | |||
| (C5) OPTIMALITY THEORIES-least work | (C5-1) SED. TRANSPORT | ||
| (C5-2) WATER FLOW | |||
